LEARNING AIM A: KNOW ABOUT THE SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM ADAPTATIONS OF THE BODY'S SYSTEMS TO EXERCISE.
Cardio-Respiratory System
Short term effects:
There is an increased heart rate, this increases the blood flow and breathing rate. This happens because our muscles and organs need to be supplied with oxygen so our blood flow is increased to supply our muscles and organs with oxygen and this increases our breathing rate because we need more oxygen in our body.
Increased cardiac output to get oxygenated blood to our muscles and organs.
Vasodilation wideing of blood vessels, and Vasoconstriction narrowing of blod vessels.
Increased blood pressure because our heart, lungs and blood vessels (cardiovascular system), need to provide the body with oxygen.
Increased volume of Carbon Dioxide, our body releases carbon dioxide, out of deoxygenated blood through gaseous exchange, so during exercise the volume of carbon dioxide in our body increases.
Threre is an increase in stroke volume, there is an increased V02 max, this happens because our lungs have trained to take in large masses of air.
The tidal volume is greater, as our lungs take in more air, the volume of oxygen in our blood is greater and this then speeds the process of haemoglobin.
Our heart is more efficient because our heart has adapted to pump large masses of blood around the body.
Increased vital capacity because as our lungs are more efficient then our vital capacity (amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs, after breathing in as deeply as possible), is larger because our lungs take in more air.
Rate of gaseous exchange is increased, larger air intake, faster rate of gaseous exchange because the oxygen and carbon dioxide is swapped, see link.
Long term adaptations: